Hermann Hesse (9-18-1934)

(Handwritten.)

Dear Herr Hesse,

(a)

You do me an injustice with your remarks on sublimation. It is not from resentment that I fight this idea, but from copious experience of patients (and doctors too) who shirk the difficulty every time and “sublimate,” i.e., simply repress. Sublimatio is part of the royal art where the true gold is made. Of this Freud knows nothing, worse still, he barricades all the paths that could lead to the true sublimatio. This is just about the opposite of what Freud understands by sublimation. It is not a voluntary and forcible channeling of instinct into a spurious field of application, but an alchymical transformation for which fire and the black prima materia are needed. Sublimatio is a great mystery. Freud has appropriated this concept and usurped it for the sphere of the will and the bourgeois, rationalistic ethos. Anathema sit! But who understands any of these things today? Therefore they remain in darkness

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(b)

The meditative, symbolic aspect of alchemy was concerned with producing the “true gold,” which is both chthonic and spiritual, male and female, body and spirit, light and darkness. It represents the union of opposites, for which reason it was also called the res simplex, simple substance, which “refers, ultimately, to God.” Jung, “The Visions of Zosimos,” CW 13: par. 117, n. 117

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