Coagulatio constitutes one of the seven major alchemical operations as distinguished by Edinger, each one a center of an elaborate symbol system making up the principle content of all culture-products. The author's cluster diagram (fig. 004.00) of coagulatio is shown below:
AOP Pg 083 (xx) Cluster Diagram Coagulatio
Cluster Diagram: Coagulatio
Author's Diagram
Just as calcinatio is the operation of the element fire, solutio the water operation, and sublimatio the operation pertaining to air, so coagulatio belongs to the symbolism of the element earth. As with all the alchemical operations, coagulatio refers first of all to experience in the laboratory. For example:
AOP ¶ 0Cooling can turn a liquid into a solid
AOP ¶ 0A solid that has been dissolved in a solvent reappears when the solvent is evaporated
AOP ¶ 0A chemical reaction may produce a new compound that is solidfor example, the coagulation of egg white when it is heated
AOP ¶ 0COAGULATIOTURNS SOMETHING
INTO EARTH
In essence, coagulatio is the process that turns something into earth. “Earth” is thus one of the synonyms for the coagulatio. It is heavy and permanent, of fixed position and shape. It doesn't disappear into the air by volatilizing nor pliantly adapt itself to the shape of any container as does water. Its form and location are fixed. Thus, for a psychic content to become earth means that it has been concretized in a particular localized form; that is, it has become attached to an ego (fig. 004.01)
AOP ¶ 0AOP Pg 083 (b) FigNo004.01
Earth nurses the Filius Philosophorum
Maier, Atalanta Fugiens, (1618)
A middle-aged man who was going through a major reorientation with a “sense of the old order passing away” had this dream:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Mud, Slime, Shit
It is dawn, the light of the rising sun just emerging. I am up to my waist in a substance that is a mixture of black mud, slime, and shit. There is no one else around and this black expanse stretches to the horizon. It is like the beginning of the world, the first day of creation. I start to thrash my legs, to churn in the black mud with great and persistent effort. I continue doing this for hours and slowly the primeval ooze begins to harden and become firm. I notice the sun is rising into the sky and its heat is drying up the water and providing solid earth. I anticipate being able to stand on firm ground
COMMENTARY
These myths tell us that coagulatio is promoted by action (diving, churning, whirling motion). They correspond to what Faust learned from the Spirit of Mephistopheles: “In the beginning was the deed” ( Goethe, Faust, pt. 1, line 1237 ). Psychologically this means that activity and psychic movement promote ego development. Exposing oneself to the storm and stress of action, the churn of reality, solidifies the personality
AOP ¶ 0MAGNESIA
A certain alchemical text mentions three agents of coagulatio: magnesia, lead, and sulphur. Magnesia had a different meaning to the alchemists than it does to us; it was a general term referring to various crude metallic ores or impure mixtures. Psychologically this could refer to the union of the transpersonal spirit with ordinary human reality
AOP ¶ 0LEAD
The next agent of coagulatio mentioned is lead. Lead is heavy, dull, and burdensome. It is associated with the planet Saturn, which carries the qualities of depression, melancholy, and galling limitation. Thus, free, autonomous spirit must be connected with heavy reality and the limitations of personal particularity. In analytic practice this linkage with lead is often accomplished when the individual takes personal responsibility for fleeting fantasies and ideas by expressing them to the analyst or to another person. It is astonishing to observe the difference between an idea thought and an idea spoken. It's the difference between mercury and lead (fig. 004.02)
AOP ¶ 0AOP Pg 086 (f) FigNo004.2
Eagle chained to a Ground Animal
Stolcius, Viridarium Chymicum, (1624)
SULPHUR
The third coagulating agent mentioned is sulphur. Its yellow color and inflammability associate it with the sun. On the other hand, its vapors stink and blacken most metals so that brimstone is a characteristic feature of hell. Jung summaries his masterful discussion of the symbolism of sulphur in Mysterium Coniunctionis ( CW14: par. 151 )
AOP ¶ 0It is paradoxical. “As the corrupter it has affinity with the devil, while on the other hand it appears as a parallel of Christ” ( CW14: par. 153 ). Thus, if part of the meaning of sulphur is desirousnessthe striving for power and pleasure-we reach the conclusion that desire coagulates
AOP ¶ 0FLESH
In the New Testament the flesh is explicitly equated with sinful desirousness.Not only is desirousness a characteristic of fleshthe coagulated aspect of the psychebut also desire is said to initiate the incarnating process. For instance, incarnation and desire are linked in The Tibetan Book of the Dead. When a soul is about to be reincarnated and lodged in a womb, it has visions of mating couples and is overcome by intense desireif a male, desire for the mother and aversion for the father, if a female, desire for the father and aversion for the mother
AOP ¶ 0DESIRE
The incarnating process is linked with desire, with a descent or fall from heaven, and with a putting on of clothes. The motif of the fall from heaven because of pride or passion goes back to Genesis 6 : 2 ( AV ): “The sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.” Also relevant is Lucifer's rebellion and fall from heaven so beautifully described by Milton, [ Milton, “Paradise Lost,” in Milton: Complete Poetry and Selected Prose, bk.11, lines 40-49 ].This passage contains calcinatio symbolism, but its main reference is to coagulatio. It is a magnificent description of the initial preconscious act that lays the foundation of the ego. Angels or their equivalents still fall from heaven in modern dreams (fig. 004.03)
AOP ¶ 0AOP Pg 088 (i) FigNo004.03
The Fall of the Rebel Angels
Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Chantilly, Musée Condé
Dreams of planes crashing or objects falling generally refer to coagulatio. For instance, a man who was in the process of developing a more authentic relation to his religion had this dream:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Falling Rock
I am in midtown Manhattan. Tall buildings are being razed. A huge boulder from the top of one of the buildings comes crashing to the ground almost hitting me
DREAM COMMENTARY
The dreamer's association to the boulder was Peter, the rock upon which Christ built his church ( Matt. 16 : 18 )
AOP ¶ 0Psychotherapeutic experience verifies the idea that desire promotes coagulatio. For those who are already driven by desirousness, coagulatio is not the operation needed. However, many patients have an inadequate libido investment, a weakness of desire sometimes bordering on anhedonia. Such people don't know what they want and are afraid of their own desires. They are like unborn souls in heaven shrinking from the fall into concrete reality. These people need to cultivate their desiresseek them, nourish them, and act on them. Only thus will psychic energy be mobilized that will promote life experience and ego development. In psychotherapy, the emergence of transference desires will often indicate the beginning of a coagulatio process and therefore should be treated with care
AOP ¶ 0LURE OF DESIRE
The lure of desire is the sweetness of fulfillment. Honey as the supreme example of sweetness is therefore an agent of coagulatio. Paracelsus says that “the prime matter of honey is the sweetness of the earth which resides in naturally growing things.” And again, honey “is the prime materialized matter, for honey and wax are one.” According to the alchemist Dorn's recipe for joining the spirit (unio mentalis) with the body, one of the required agents is honey.Honey, because of its preservative qualities, was considered by the ancients to be a medicine of immortality and had a Eucharistic use in some early Christian communities
AOP ¶ 0In modern dreams, a reference to sweets (candy, cake, cookies, and so forth) usually indicates a regressive tendency toward childish pleasure seeking that requires reductive interpretation (mortificatio). Occasionally, however, it points to an authentic need for coagulatio
AOP ¶ 0COAGULATIO FOLLOWED BY
OTHER PROCESSES
Coagulatio is generally followed by other processes, most often by mortificatio and putrefactio. What has become fully concretized is now subject to transformation. It has become tribulation calling out for transcendence.The body and flesh are identified with death because anything that is born into spatio-temporal existence must submit to the limitations of that existence, which include an end, death. This is the price of being real. Once a content has fully coagulated or incarnated it becomes lifeless with no further possibilities for growth
AOP ¶ 0After full coagulatio the putrefactio follows, an idea expressed as, “For he who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption; but he who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life” ( Gal. 6 : 8, RSV )
AOP ¶ 0CONCEPTS
AND ABSTRACTIONS
Concepts and abstractions don't coagulate. They make air, not earth. They are agents of sublimatio. The images of dreams and active imagination do coagulate. They connect the outer world with the inner world by means of proportional or analogous images and thus coagulate soul-stuff. Moods and affects toss us about wildly until they coagulate into something visible and tangible; then we can relate to them objectively. Jung says in his memoirs: “To the extent that I managed to translate the emotions into imagesthat is to say, to find the images which were concealed in the emotionsI was inwardly calmed and reassured” ( MDR, p. 177 )
AOP ¶ 0BONDAGE
Coagulatio is experienced as a bondage because it confines individuals to their actual reality, the portion they were given by destiny. Perhaps this accounts for the phrase, “he was bound to do that.” Language is stating that destiny is bondage (fig. 004.08) . Embodied existence is even described as a prison or tomb. Plato speaks of the soul as being “enshrined in the living tomb which we carry about, now that we are imprisoned in the body, like an oyster in his shell” ( Phaedrus, 250 ). Less negatively, the body is described as the house or temple of the soul. Oliver Wendell Holmes uses this image in his poem The Chambered Nautilus
AOP ¶ 0AOP Pg 101 (n) FigNo004.08
Fortune or Nemesis carrying the Cup and Harness of Destiny
Albrecht Dürer
CLOTHES
Clothes are also images of the incarnated condition. The flesh is a vestiture acquired during the descent of the soul through the planetary spheres. Although Jung usually interpreted clothes in dreams as referring to the persona, they can also quite properly be understood as modes of coagulatio. The idea of incarnated life as a woven fabric or tapestry is found in a dream brought me by a woman who had just become pregnant for the first time. She had the dream six days after missing her first period and three days before learning that her pregnancy test was positive. The dream:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Tapestry from the Attic
A tapestry is being brought down from the attic. It is in two separate parts which are to be joinedthe burlap backing and the threaded design. First the burlap backing is brought downstairs. Next the threaded design was to be brought down. We were supposed to study the design of the tapestry in order to understand it. This would involve the counting of the threads. The design was very rich and complex
DREAM COMMENTARY
This dream is of considerable interest as an example of the reaction of the unconscious to the biological fact of conception. It has several similarities with the myths. First, the event is described as a fall, a descent from the attic. Secondly, there is a distinction made between the material ground (the burlap) and the image of meaning (threaded design) to be superimposed on it. This would correspond to the distinction between the soul and the flesh, which will house it, or the material, which will carry the stamp of its image. In addition, the counting of the threads would correspond to the measuring function of the second Fate, Lachesis
AOP ¶ 0APPROACH OF DEATH
Coagulatio dreams sometimes occur at the approach of death, as though to express the meaning of the incarnation now ending. An eighty-two-year-old woman had this dream a few weeks before her sudden death:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Over-cooked Roast
I was in the kitchen and looked into the oven. There was a beautiful roast completely cooked, perhaps a little dry. A voice said, “You left it in too long, didn't you?” I acknowledged that I had
Another example is a woman's report of the death of her grandfather. “Before my grandfather died, he was in a nursing home for eight or ten years, so senile that he seemed to recognize no one. Everyone kept asking, `Why doesn't he die?' Everyone kept saying how much better it would have been if he could have died when his active life was over; always he had found meaning only in work and activity. The night before his death, one of his daughters (my aunt) dreamed”:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Oriental Carpet
She saw hanging before her a very large and very beautiful intricately and colorfully woven Oriental carpet. At the top rim she saw the final thread being woven into place. She understood that this carpet was her father's soul-work, which he had been weaving silently for the past eight or ten years, and now that it was finished, he was free to go
CONCLUSION
The next day the woman's grandfather died
AOP ¶ 0CLOTHES AND DEATH
It is particularly impressive how dreams concerning clothes come up at a time of death. For instance, a few days before her death, a woman who knew she was mortally ill dreamed that she was going to attend a fashion show. A few days before the death of his father, a man dreamed that he saw his father dressed very nattily in new clothes. These dreams seem to refer to an ultimate coagulatio, the acquisition of an immortal body.The idea of an immortal body, expressing an ultimate coagulatio of the spirit, is a boundary image whose meaning can only be dimly sensed. It corresponds to the paradoxical symbol of the Philosophers' Stone and seems to refer to the final goal of individuation
AOP ¶ 0FOOD AND MEAL IMAGERY
Just as the terms “body” and “flesh” refer to coagulatio, so, that which nourishes the bodyfood and meal imagerybelongs to the same symbolism. Eating the forbidden fruit bought Adam and Eve into the painful world of spatio-temporal reality. The Old Testament speaks of “the bread of tears” ( Ps. 80 : 5 ), “the bread of wickedness” ( Prov. 4 : 17 ), “the bread of deceit” ( Prov. 20 : 17 ), “the bread of idleness” ( Prov. 31 : 2 ), and “the bread of adversity” ( Isa. 30 : 20 ). These phrases refer to the realization of the conditions mentioned. They become lived experiences, not abstract ideas
AOP ¶ 0To eat something means to incorporate itliterally, to turn it into body. Hence, dreams in which the dreamer is offered something to eat indicate that an unconscious content is ready for coagulatio, assimilation by the ego
AOP ¶ 0A young man who had come to the end of his analysis and was in the process of taking on more substantial life responsibilities had this dream:
AOP ¶ 0Dream:
Cow-dung Cookies
I go out for dinner at a very special place. It is not really a restaurant, but the basement of a monastery. The food is served by monks. For dessert they serve “cow-dung cookies”supposedly a delicacy like filet mignon. However they warn me to be careful, for some may not have crystallized out of their prior form. The idea of eating them causes me great distress
DREAM COMMENTARY
Whenever food is offered one in a dream, the general rule is that is should be eaten no matter how unpleasant it seems. Sometimes, as in this dream, it will have strange or miraculous qualities, indicating that it is coming from the archetypal level of the psyche. Biblical examples are the manna from heaven sent to the Israelites in the wilderness ( Exod. 16 : 12 ) and the feeding of the four thousand ( Matt. 15 : 32 ). In some cases the food to be eaten clearly symbolizes the need to assimilate a relation to the Self. Isaiah speaks of the word of God as bread to be eaten.Christ says “My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work” ( John 4 : 34, AV )
AOP ¶ 0All food dreams have at least a distant reference to Eucharistic symbolism, although at times it seems more like a black Mass (fig. 004.15) and (fig. 004.16) . When the offered food clearly relates to the Self it becomes the food of immortality about which Christ speaks. “I am the bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread which comes down from heaven that a man may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread which I shall give for the life of the world is my flesh” ( John 6 : 48-51, RSV )
AOP ¶ 0AOP Pg 111 (x) FigNo004.15
The Last Supper
Note the Tiny Black Devil Entering Judas' Mouth. An enlargement of this detail is shown below. The Hours of Catherine of Cleves. The Guennol Collection and the Pierpont Morgan Library
AOP Pg 111 (x) FigNo004.16
The Last Supper
Enlargement of the Tiny Black Devil Entering Judas' Mouth. The Hours of Catherine of Cleves. The Guennol Collection and the Pierpont Morgan Library
HOLY COMMUNION
The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion is a coagulatio rite. It is interesting to note that several of the other sacraments are also linked with the symbolism of alchemical operations
AOP ¶ 0The sacrament of baptism pertains to solutio
AOP ¶ 0The sacrament of extreme unction to mortificatio
AOP ¶ 0The sacrament of matrimony to coniunctio
AOP ¶ 0However, the Eucharist is the central ritual of Christianity and, as Jung has observed, can be considered to be the “rite of the individuation process.” From the standpoint of coagulatio symbolism, to partake of the Eucharistic meal signifies the ego's incorporation of a relation to the Self
AOP ¶ 0CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the alchemical operation of coagulatio, together with the imagery that clusters around this idea, constitutes an elaborate symbol system that expresses the archetypal process of ego formation. When the ego's relation to the Self is being realizedthat is, when the ego is approaching the coagulatio of the psyche in its totalitythen the symbolism of ego development becomes identical with that of individuation
AOP ¶ 0